Last updated: 17 Apr 2021 | 2232 Views |
L-Glutamine
Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid and found in the brain at high level. Glutamine is produced from astrocytes and then it is converted into GABA [1]. When glutamine level is low in the body, the stress will increase. Also, glutamine is indicated as anti-depressive effect. This property may bethat glutamine is a precursor of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)which also act as anti-depressant [2]. Moreover, glutamine contain in the supplement for treating the depression in 1970 [2]. In animal study, level of glutamine is decreased in prefrontal cortex in mice, consequently,increase depressive disorder [3]. It has been reported that decreased glutamate, glutamine and GABA were observed in patients suffering with depression [4].
[1] Albrecht, J., Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz, M., Zielińska, M., &Aschner, M. (2010). Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission. Neuron Glia Biol, 6(4), 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093
[2] Cocchi, R. (1976). Antidepressive properties of I-glutamine. Preliminary report. Acta PsychiatrBelg, 76(4), 658-666.
[3] Lee, Y., Son, H., Kim, G., Kim, S., Lee, D. H., Roh, G. S., Kang, S. S., Cho, G. J., Choi, W. S., & Kim, H. J. (2013). Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive-like behaviours in male mice. J Psychiatry Neurosci, 38(3), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.120024
[4] Hasler, G., van der Veen, J. W., Tumonis, T., Meyers, N., Shen, J., &Drevets, W. C. (2007). Reduced Prefrontal Glutamate/Glutamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Major Depression Determined Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(2), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.193
